AN APPRAISAL REPORT OF ACCIDENT RATE IN NIGERIA

AN APPRAISAL REPORT OF ACCIDENT RATE IN NIGERIA

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

According to the Oxford Learners Dictionary, an accident is described as "anything that happens without a visible reason, generally something terrible and unwanted." This means that an accident can occur at any time, anyplace, and at any point. The majority of accidents are the consequence of carelessness or recklessness.

A road accident occurs when a large number of vehicles fail to satisfy the safety requirements of the traffic operation. Road accidents have become a serious concern in the country, with many people, both young and elderly, dying as a result of them.

The rate of accidents in this state varies from time to time, increasing at the end of the year and decreasing at the beginning of the year, and the number of cars doubles for the fact that during this period, the number of not or vehicles more than doubles, but this does not mean that the roads become less safe (Okafor, 2010). Why, therefore, is the number of vehicle accidents on the Enugu-Onitsha Express Road higher than on other routes in the state?

The reason is that we lack the collective will to put a stop to the dangers posed by vehicle accidents once and for all.

Second, our knowledge of the problem is limited due to the fragmented character of its occurrence (is not how many individuals or families are impacted at the same time, and this has caused people to slow down, I don't care how we behave). It does occur because we cannot foresee when it will occur.

If we have the good will, we should find a means, since we cannot presume that the number of accidents is more than what man can handle. Once they've been discovered, solve the problem. Because they are not personally touched, some individuals are unconcerned. They may not be divers or carousers, but they are influenced in some way, and the consequences on public migration are not cumulative (Emmanuel, 2009). Another reason why we cannot reduce the rate of accident occurrence on the Enugu-Onitsha Express Road to its lowest rate is that the government and financial cost of an integrated road transport system represent one of many cells on the national income there by a time they forget about and road transport system. By this, I mean that the choice is crucial governance in terms of political considerations.

In theory, the number of road fatalities might be decreased to any desired level if sufficient economic and social effort was invested to limit or eliminate it.

According to what has been written about the evaluation of the accident rate on the Enugu – Onitsha Express Road, it may occur when a large number of vehicles fail to fulfill the safety requirements of the traffic role, as can always be observed.

Road accidents are typically caused by a breakdown of the control system, which should be recognized as the beginning point for understanding how to prevent accidents along the Enugu – Onitsha Express Road. What is expected of a large number of vehicles?

There are several elements that contribute to a car collision.

Unsafe Driver: An unsafe driver is one who drives when impaired by alcohol or drugs, is asleep, is recklessly distracted, is high on marijuana, or is driving with uncorrected eyesight or hearing.

Driving in a hazardous driving scenario occurs when there is bad weather. Road surface that is sleeping, darkness, and narrow roadways.

Unsafe Driving Practices include exceeding the speed limit, turning without signaling, and following too closely behind the vehicle in front of you.

Improper driving conditions: brake failure, unsafe steering gear, worn-out tires, overloading, and driver without light at night are all key aspects of a road accident, as is a high proportion of serious multiple injuries. However, because the incidence of automobile accidents is increasing in our society, probably the state's traffic regulation equipment facilities should be upgraded.   

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

In the past, during our forefathers' time, the rate of road accidents was relatively low since they were uncivilized; there were very few motor cars, decent roads, and so on.

In this day and age, there is hardly a day that goes by without an accident. Go to the road safety office and see how many people are being hospitalized, as well as the value of goods lost by Enugu – Onitsha Express accident victims, not to mention those who have lost their limes as a result of accidents on this road.

At this point, one could wonder what season of the year or month people usually have accidents, what variables impact the road accident, how many people may be admitted to the hospital, and if the value of crude fatalities rate will not grow from day to day on this road in the future.

Awareness of all of these elements may help the government determine how much to budget for road maintenance or maintenance of road infrastructure, supply of emergency services, and how to effectively regulate and suppress road accidents to the lowest rate of occurrence.

Nowadays, it appears that the likelihood of an accident occurring is higher than in past decades.

The fact that it is a new creation is one of the key reasons why many people do not use it. Drivers are also illiterate. Lack of vehicle upkeep, terrible roads, inexperience with one-way traffic, and so on.

In light of this, I decided to do a research on the value of the accident rate on the Enugu – Onitsha Express Road in order to analyze some of the previously mentioned difficulties.

1.3     AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The aims and objectives of this project is to carry out statistical appraisal of accident rate in Enugu – Onitsha Express Road for a period of eight years (1995 – 2002).

To ascertain the rate at which accident occur, whether the accident rate has been increased as years go by or its varies from month or being at decrease and at what season of the year do we have higher rate of accident at Enugu – Onitsha Express Road.

Moreover, this project will help to predict the value of road accident or number of the road accident in Enugu – Onitsha Express Road that will occure in future will regard to the past records.

This scientific knowledge will help the government in their planning and also on how best to control or reduce road accident in Enugu–Onitsha Express Road to its minimum of occurrence in the state.

Finally, the recommendation made I this work will help individuals to know the rate of accident in Enugu – Onitsha Express Road so as not to be the next victim. 

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

In order to achieve the purpose of the research, the following guiding questions or lines of inquiry are devised:

1. What spatio-temporal characteristics do RTAs exhibit along Enugu –Onitsha highway over the period of study?
2. Are the RTAs along Enugu –Onitsha highway localized around a certain segment of the network?  
3. What are the attributes of the road around the location of accidents?
4. What is the nature of RTA causalities (minor, serious and fatal) along Enugu- Onitsha highway? and
5. What type(s) of vehicle are usually associated with RTA along the highway?

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The researchers decided to limit the scope of the topic, the appraisal of accident rate in Enugu – Onitsha Express Road, so as to collect accurate data during the limited period of research to do more accident work in future. 

1.5 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE STUDY

Road traffic accidents‟ statistics in Nigeria reveal a serious and growing problem with absolute fatality rate and casualty figure rising rapidly. In majority of developing countries, including Nigeria, accident occurrence and related deaths are with increase in population and number of vehicles. In Nigeria, studies have indicated that better facilities in terms of good quality and standardized roads have been accompanied by increasing number of accidents (Atubi and Onokala, 2009).

This analysis is a prerequisite for the management of road traffic safety and it involves the systematic collection of data on traffic accidents that will enable the identification and determination of the place where there are high concentrations of road accidents. Determination of  is the first step to improve the level of traffic safety on the roads. Interventions in places of accumulation of traffic accidents are considered one of the most effective approaches in prevention of traffic accidents on roads. When  locations are known, it will assist the agencies responsible for road safety which include Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC), Police; Vehicle inspection office (VIO), Federal Road Maintenance Agency (FEMA) and the road users to know the areas that need urgent attention when making safety decisions.

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